Rubuce-rubucen manyan kamfanoni uku na Japan sun ma fi wuya a cikin yanayin da masana'antar kera kera motoci ta duniya ta yi tasiri sosai kan samarwa da ƙarshen tallace-tallace.
A cikin kasuwannin motoci na cikin gida, motocin Japan tabbas ƙarfin da ba za a iya watsi da su ba.Kuma motocin Japan da muke magana akai ana kiransu da “filaye biyu da samarwa daya” wato Toyota, Honda, da Nissan.Musamman gungun masu amfani da motoci na cikin gida, ina tsoron kada masu motoci da yawa ko masu son mallakar motoci su yi mu'amala da waɗannan kamfanonin motoci guda uku.Kamar yadda manyan uku na Japan kwanan nan suka ba da sanarwar kwafin su na shekarar kasafin kuɗi ta 2021 (Afrilu 1, 2021 - Maris 31, 2022), mun kuma sake nazarin ayyukan manyan ukun a bara.
Nissan: Rubuce-rubucen da lantarki suna kama da "filaye biyu"
Ko dai yen tiriliyan 8.42 (kimanin yuan biliyan 440.57) a cikin kudaden shiga, ko kuma yen biliyan 215.5 (kimanin yuan biliyan 11.28) na ribar da aka samu, Nissan na daga cikin manyan kasashe uku.Kasancewar "kasa".Koyaya, kasafin kuɗi na 2021 har yanzu shekara ce mai ƙarfi na dawowar Nissan.Domin bayan “wakilin Ghosn”, Nissan ta yi asara tsawon shekaru uku a jere kafin kasafin shekarar 2021.Bayan karuwar ribar da aka samu a duk shekara ya kai kashi 664 cikin 100, ita ma ta samu sauyi a bara.
Haɗe da shirin Nissan na shekaru huɗu “Tsarin canza fasalin kamfanoni na Nissan na gaba” wanda ya fara a watan Mayu 2020, ya kai rabin wannan shekarar.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi a hukumance, wannan nau'in Nissan na shirin "rage farashi da karuwar inganci" ya taimaka wa kamfanin Nissan wajen daidaita kashi 20% na karfin samar da kayayyaki a duniya, da inganta kashi 15% na layukan kayayyakin duniya, da kuma rage yen biliyan 350 (kimanin yuan biliyan 18.31).), wanda ya kasance kusan 17% sama da ainihin manufa.
Amma game da tallace-tallace, Rikodin kamfanin Nissan na motoci miliyan 3.876 a duniya ya fadi da kusan kashi 4% a duk shekara.Yin la'akari da abubuwa kamar yanayin sarkar samar da kayayyaki na ƙarancin guntu na duniya a bara, wannan raguwa har yanzu yana da ma'ana.Duk da haka, yana da kyau a lura cewa, a kasuwannin kasar Sin, wanda ya kai kusan kashi daya bisa uku na jimillar tallace-tallacen da yake yi, kasuwar Nissan ta ragu da kusan kashi 5 cikin dari a duk shekara, kana kasuwarta ita ma ta fadi daga kashi 6.2% zuwa kashi 5.6%.A cikin kasafin kudi na 2022, Nissan na tsammanin neman sabbin maki ci gaba a kasuwannin Amurka da Turai yayin da yake daidaita ci gaban kasuwar Sinawa.
Electrification a bayyane yake shine abin da Nissan ke ci gaba da gaba.Tare da litattafai irin su Leaf, nasarorin da Nissan ta samu a halin yanzu a fagen lantarki ba shakka ba su da daɗi.Dangane da “Vision 2030”, Nissan na shirin ƙaddamar da samfuran lantarki guda 23 (ciki har da samfuran lantarki masu tsafta 15) nan da shekarar kasafin kuɗi na 2030.A kasuwannin kasar Sin, kamfanin Nissan na fatan cimma burin samar da wutar lantarki da ya kai sama da kashi 40 cikin 100 na jimillar tallace-tallace a cikin kasafin kudi na shekarar 2026.Tare da zuwan samfuran fasahar e-POWER, Nissan ya cika fa'ida ta farko akan Toyota da Honda a cikin hanyar fasaha.Bayan an fitar da tasirin sarkar samar da kayayyaki na yanzu, ko karfin samar da Nissan zai iya riskar da “filaye biyu” kan sabuwar wakar?
Honda: Baya ga motocin mai, wutar lantarki kuma na iya dogaro da ƙarin jini na babur
Matsayi na biyu a cikin kwafin shine Honda, wanda ke samun kudin shiga na yen tiriliyan 14.55 (kimanin yuan biliyan 761.1), karuwa a kowace shekara da kashi 10.5%, sannan ya karu da kashi 7.5% a cikin ribar da aka samu zuwa 707 a duk shekara. Yen na Japan (kimanin yuan biliyan 37).Dangane da kudaden shiga, aikin Honda a shekarar da ta gabata ba zai iya ci gaba da raguwar raguwar kasafin kudi na shekarar 2018 da 2019 ba.Amma ribar net ɗin yana ƙaruwa akai-akai.Karkashin yanayin rage tsadar kayayyaki da inganta ingancin kamfanonin motoci na yau da kullun a duniya, raguwar kudaden shiga da karuwar riba da alama sun zama babban jigo, amma har yanzu Honda yana da nasa musamman.
Ban da raunin Yen da Honda ya yi nuni da shi a cikin rahoton samun kudin shiga da zai taimaka wa kamfani mai dogaro da kai wajen samun ribar zuwa kasashen waje, kudaden da kamfanin ya samu a shekarar da ta gabata ya samo asali ne sakamakon bunkasar kasuwancin babura da hada-hadar kudi.Dangane da bayanan da suka dace, kudaden shiga na kasuwancin babur na Honda ya karu da kashi 22.3% duk shekara a cikin shekarar kasafin kudin da ta gabata.Sabanin haka, karuwar kudaden shiga na kasuwancin kera ya kasance 6.6% kawai.Ko yana aiki riba ko ribar net, kasuwancin mota na Honda ya yi ƙasa da kasuwancin babur.
A zahiri, yin la'akari da tallace-tallacen da aka samu a cikin shekarar 2021 na zahiri, ayyukan tallace-tallace na Honda a manyan kasuwannin China da Amurka har yanzu suna da ban mamaki.Koyaya, bayan shigar da kwata na farko, saboda tasirin sarkar samar da kayayyaki da rikice-rikicen yanki, Honda ya sami raguwa sosai a cikin mahimman abubuwan biyu na sama.Koyaya, ta fuskar yanayin macro, raguwar kasuwancin mota na Honda yana da alaƙa da haɓakar farashin R&D a sashin samar da wutar lantarki.
Bisa sabuwar dabarar samar da wutar lantarki ta Honda, a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, Honda na shirin zuba jarin yen tiriliyan 8 a fannin bincike da kuma kashe kudaden raya kasa (kimanin yuan biliyan 418.48).Idan aka ƙididdige ribar da aka samu ta ribar kasafin kuɗi na shekarar 2021, wannan kusan daidai yake da ribar da aka samu fiye da shekaru 11 da aka saka a cikin canji.Daga cikinsu, ga kasuwannin kasar Sin masu saurin bunkasuwa na sabbin motocin makamashi, Honda yana shirin ƙaddamar da samfuran lantarki masu tsabta guda 10 a cikin shekaru 5.Samfurin farko na sabon samfurin sa e:N kuma an gane shi ko kuma an shirya shi don siyarwa a Dongfeng Honda da GAC Honda bi da bi.Idan wasu kamfanonin mota na gargajiya sun dogara da ƙarin jini na motar mai don lantarki, to Honda zai buƙaci ƙarin jini daga kasuwancin babur.
Toyota: Ribar Net = sau uku na Honda + Nissan
Shugaban karshe babu shakka Toyota ne.A cikin kasafin kudi na shekarar 2021, Toyota ya lashe yen tiriliyan 31.38 (kimanin yuan biliyan 1,641.47) a cikin kudaden shiga, kuma ta kwace yen tiriliyan 2.85 (kimanin yen tiriliyan 2.85).Yuan biliyan 149), ya karu da kashi 15.3% da kashi 26.9% a duk shekara.Idan ba a manta ba, kudaden shiga ya zarce jimlar Honda da Nissan, kuma ribar da ta samu ya ninka sau uku fiye da na ’yan uwa biyu na sama.Ko idan aka kwatanta da tsohon abokin hamayyarsa na Volkswagen, bayan ribar da ya samu a kasafin kudi na shekarar 2021 ya karu da kashi 75% a duk shekara, Yuro biliyan 15.4 ne kawai (kimanin yuan biliyan 108.8).
Ana iya cewa katin rahoton Toyota na shekarar kasafin kuɗi na 2021 yana da ma'ana mai mahimmanci.Da farko dai, ribar da ta ke samu har ta zarce kimar kasafin kudin shekarar 2015, inda ta kafa tarihi mai yawa cikin shekaru shida.Na biyu, a cikin karar raguwar tallace-tallace, tallace-tallacen Toyota a duniya a cikin kasafin kuɗi har yanzu ya zarce maki miliyan 10, wanda ya kai raka'a miliyan 10.38, karuwa a kowace shekara da kashi 4.7%.Ko da yake Toyota ya sha rage ko dakatar da samar da shi a cikin kasafin kudi na shekarar 2021, baya ga raguwar samarwa da tallace-tallace a kasuwannin gida na Japan, Toyota ya taka rawar gani sosai a kasuwannin duniya ciki har da China da Amurka.
Amma don haɓakar ribar Toyota, aikin tallace-tallacen sa kashi ɗaya ne kawai.Tun lokacin rikicin tattalin arziki a cikin 2008, Toyota sannu a hankali ya karɓi tsarin Shugabancin yanki da dabarun aiki kusa da kasuwannin gida, kuma ya gina ra'ayin "raguwar farashi da haɓaka haɓaka" da yawancin kamfanonin motoci ke aiwatarwa a yau.Bugu da ƙari, haɓakawa da aiwatar da gine-ginen TNGA sun aza harsashi don ingantaccen haɓaka ƙarfin samfurinta da kuma kyakkyawan aiki a ribar riba.
Koyaya, idan faduwar darajar yen a cikin 2021 har yanzu na iya ɗaukar tasirin wani ƙarin farashin albarkatun ƙasa, to bayan shigar da kwata na farko na 2022, haɓakar haɓakar albarkatun ƙasa, gami da ci gaba da tasirin girgizar ƙasa da geopolitical. rikice-rikice a bangaren samar da kayayyaki, ya sa Japan ta yi ƙarfi uku, musamman mafi girma Toyota da ke fama.A sa'i daya kuma, kamfanin Toyota na shirin zuba jarin yen tiriliyan 8 a fannin bincike da bunkasuwa da suka hada da nau'in nau'in man feturda samfuran lantarki masu tsabta.Kuma canza Lexus zuwa alamar lantarki mai tsabta a cikin 2035.
rubuta a karshen
Za a iya cewa manyan jami'o'in kasar Japan guda uku duk sun ba da rubutattun rubuce-rubuce masu daukar hankali a jarrabawar sabuwar shekara.Wannan ma ya fi wuya a cikin yanayin da masana'antar kera motoci ta duniya ta yi tasiri sosai kan samarwa da ƙarshen tallace-tallace.Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin tasirin abubuwa kamar rikice-rikicen geopolitical da ke gudana da matsin sarƙoƙi na wadata.Ga manyan kamfanoni uku na Japan waɗanda suka fi dogaro da kasuwannin duniya, ƙila za su iya ɗaukar matsi fiye da kamfanonin motocin Turai, Amurka da China.Bugu da ƙari, a kan sabuwar hanyar makamashi, manyan uku sun fi masu chasers.Babban saka hannun jari na R&D, da haɓaka samfura da gasa na gaba, sun sa Toyota, Honda, da Nissan ke fuskantar ƙalubale akai-akai a cikin dogon lokaci.
Author: Ruan Song
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-17-2022