Motoci, wanda galibi ana kiransu da injinan lantarki, wanda aka fi sani da Motors, sun zama ruwan dare a masana'antu da rayuwa na zamani, sannan kuma su ne kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci don canza wutar lantarki zuwa makamashin injina.Ana shigar da motoci a cikin motoci, jiragen kasa masu sauri, jiragen sama, injin turbin iska, robots, kofofi na atomatik, famfo na ruwa, rumbun kwamfyuta da ma wayoyin mu na yau da kullun.

Mutane da yawa waɗanda suka saba yin amfani da injina ko kuma waɗanda suka riga sun koyi ilimin tuƙi suna iya jin cewa ilimin injin yana da wuyar fahimta, har ma suna ganin kwasa-kwasan da suka dace, kuma ana kiran su “Credit Killer”.Rarraba tarwatse mai zuwa na iya barin novice da sauri su fahimci ƙa'idar AC asynchronous motor.

Ka'idar motar: Ka'idar motar abu ne mai sauqi qwarai.A taƙaice, na'ura ce da ke amfani da makamashin lantarki don samar da filin maganadisu mai jujjuyawa akan na'urar kuma ta tura rotor don juyawa.Duk wanda ya yi nazarin ka'idar shigar da wutar lantarki ya san cewa za a tilasta wa na'ura mai kuzari ta jujjuya a filin maganadisu.Wannan shine ainihin ka'idar mota.Wannan shine ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na karamar sakandare.

Tsarin Motar: Duk wanda ya kwakkwance Motar ya san cewa Motar ta ƙunshi sassa biyu ne, tsayayyen stator part da jujjuya juzu'i kamar haka.

1. Stator (a tsaye part)

Stator core: wani muhimmin ɓangare na da'irar maganadisu na motar, wanda aka sanya iskar stator;

Stator winding: Shi ne nada, sashin da'irar motar, wanda aka haɗa da wutar lantarki kuma ana amfani da shi don samar da filin maganadisu mai juyawa;

Tushen na'ura: gyara maɓallin stator da murfin ƙarshen motar, kuma suna taka rawar kariya da zafi mai zafi;

2. Rotor (bangaren juyawa)

Rotor core: wani muhimmin ɓangare na da'irar maganadisu na motar, ana sanya iska mai jujjuyawa a cikin core Ramin;

Rotor winding: yankan jujjuya filin maganadisu na stator don samar da ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo da kuma na yanzu, da kuma samar da karfin wutar lantarki don juya motar;

Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da yawa na injin:

1. Electromagnetic related

1) Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki da aka haifar da motar: E = 4.44 * f * N * Φ, E shine ƙarfin lantarki na coil, f shine mita, S shine yanki na yanki na kewaye (kamar ƙarfe). core), N shine adadin juyi, kuma Φ shine magnetic Pass.

Yadda aka samu dabarar, ba za mu zurfafa cikin wadannan abubuwa ba, za mu ga yadda ake amfani da shi.Ƙarfin lantarki da aka haifar shine ainihin shigar da lantarki.Bayan an rufe madugu tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, za a samar da abin da aka jawo.Ƙarfin da aka jawo yana ƙarƙashin ƙarfin ampere a cikin filin maganadisu, yana ƙirƙirar lokacin maganadisu wanda ke tura nada don juyawa.

An sani daga wannan dabarar da ke sama cewa girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya yi daidai da mitar wutar lantarki, adadin jujjuyawar coil da maɗaukakin maganadisu.

Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na maganadisu Φ=B*S * COSθ, lokacin da jirgin sama mai yanki S ya kasance daidai da jagorancin filin maganadisu, kusurwar θ shine 0, COSθ daidai yake da 1, kuma tsarin ya zama Φ=B*S .

Haɗa waɗannan dabaru guda biyu da ke sama, zaku iya samun dabarar ƙididdige ƙarfin motsin maganadisu: B=E/(4.44*f*N*S).

2) ɗayan shine tsarin ƙarfin Ampere.Don sanin yawan ƙarfin da coil ɗin ke karɓa, muna buƙatar wannan dabara F = I * L * B * sinα, inda ni ne ƙarfin halin yanzu, L shine tsayin jagora, B shine ƙarfin filin magnetic, α shine kusurwa tsakanin shugabanci na halin yanzu da kuma jagorancin filin maganadisu.Lokacin da waya ta kasance daidai da filin maganadisu, dabarar ta zama F = I * L * B (idan na'urar N-turn ce, magnetic flux B shine jimlar maganadisu na nada N-turn, kuma babu babu. bukatar ninka N).

Idan kun san karfi, za ku san karfin wuta.Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana daidai da ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka ninka ta radius na aiki, T = r * F = r * I * B * L (samfurin vector).Ta hanyar nau'i biyu na iko = karfi * gudun (P = F * V) da kuma saurin layi V = 2πR * gudun dakika (n seconds), dangantaka da iko za a iya kafa, da dabara na mai zuwa No. 3 iya. a samu.Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa ana amfani da ainihin ƙarfin fitarwa a wannan lokacin, don haka ikon da aka ƙididdige shi shine ikon fitarwa.

2. Ƙididdigar ƙididdigar saurin AC asynchronous motor: n = 60f / P, wannan abu ne mai sauqi qwarai, saurin ya yi daidai da yawan wutar lantarki, kuma ya yi daidai da adadin nau'i-nau'i na sanda (tuna da nau'i-nau'i). ) na motar, kawai amfani da dabarar kai tsaye.Koyaya, wannan dabarar tana ƙididdige saurin aiki tare (gudun filin maganadisu mai jujjuya), kuma ainihin saurin injin asynchronous zai zama ɗan ƙasa kaɗan fiye da saurin daidaitawa, don haka sau da yawa muna ganin cewa injin 4-pole yana gabaɗaya fiye da 1400 rpm. amma kasa da 1500 rpm.

3. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin karfin jujjuyawar motsi da saurin mitar wutar lantarki: T=9550P/n (P is the motor power, n is motor speed), wanda za'a iya cirewa daga abun ciki na lamba 1 a sama, amma bamu bukatar mu koya. Don cirewa, tuna wannan lissafin A dabara zai yi.Amma sake tunatarwa, ikon P a cikin dabarar ba ikon shigarwa ba ne, amma ikon fitarwa.Saboda hasarar motar, ikon shigar da shi baya daidai da ƙarfin fitarwa.Amma litattafai galibi ana kyautata su, kuma ikon shigarwa daidai yake da ƙarfin fitarwa.

4. Ƙarfin mota (ikon shigarwa):

1) Tsarin lissafin wutar lantarki guda-lokaci: P = U * I * cosφ, idan ma'aunin wutar lantarki shine 0.8, ƙarfin lantarki shine 220V, kuma na yanzu shine 2A, sannan ikon P = 0.22 × 2 × 0.8 = 0.352KW.

2) dabarar lissafin wutar lantarki mai hawa uku: P = 1.732 * U * I * cosφ (cosφ shine ma'aunin wutar lantarki, U shine wutar lantarki mai ɗaukar nauyi, kuma ni ne layin layi na yanzu).Koyaya, U da I na wannan nau'in suna da alaƙa da haɗin motar.A cikin haɗin tauraro, tunda an haɗa ƙarshen gama gari na coils uku da aka raba da ƙarfin lantarki na 120° tare don samar da maki 0, ƙarfin lantarki da aka ɗora akan na'urar ɗaukar nauyi shine ainihin lokaci-zuwa-lokaci.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da hanyar haɗin delta, ana haɗa layin wutar lantarki zuwa kowane ƙarshen kowace nada, don haka ƙarfin lantarki akan na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi shine layin wutar lantarki.Idan ana amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na 3-phase 380V da aka saba amfani da shi, nada shine 220V a haɗin tauraro, kuma delta shine 380V, P = U * I = U^ 2/R, don haka ikon haɗin haɗin delta shine haɗin tauraro sau 3. wanda shine dalilin da ya sa motar mai ƙarfi ta yi amfani da tauraro-delta mataki-ƙasa don farawa.

Bayan ƙware da dabarar da ke sama da fahimta sosai, ƙa'idar motar ba za ta ruɗe ba, kuma ba za ku ji tsoron koyon babban matakin tuƙi ba.

Sauran sassan motar

1) Fan: gabaɗaya an shigar dashi a wutsiyar motar don watsar da zafi zuwa motar;

2) Akwatin junction: ana amfani dashi don haɗawa da wutar lantarki, irin su AC guda uku asynchronous motor, kuma ana iya haɗa shi da tauraro ko delta bisa ga buƙatu;

3) Bearing: haɗa sassa masu juyawa da tsaye na motar;

4. Ƙarshen murfin: Ƙaƙƙarfan gaba da baya a waje da motar suna taka rawar tallafi.

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Lokacin aikawa: Juni-13-2022