Kasancewar bil'adama tare da muhalli da ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya mai dorewa ya sa jama'a ke sha'awar neman hanyar sufuri mai sauki da inganci, kuma amfani da motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki ba shakka zai zama mafita mai kyau.
Motocin lantarki na zamani samfurori ne da suka haɗa fasahohin fasaha daban-daban kamar wutar lantarki, lantarki, sarrafa injina, kimiyyar kayan aiki, da fasahar sinadarai.Gabaɗayan aikin aiki, tattalin arziƙi, da dai sauransu na farko sun dogara ne akan tsarin baturi da tsarin sarrafa abin tuƙi.Tsarin tuƙi na motar lantarki gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi manyan sassa huɗu, wato na'urar sarrafawa.Masu canza wuta, injina da na'urori masu auna firikwensin.A halin yanzu, injinan da ake amfani da su a cikin motocin lantarki gabaɗaya sun haɗa da injinan DC, induction motors, injunan ƙin yarda, da injunan buroshi na magneti na dindindin.
1. Abubuwan buƙatun asali na motocin lantarki don injin lantarki
Ayyukan motocin lantarki, sabanin aikace-aikacen masana'antu na gabaɗaya, yana da rikitarwa sosai.Saboda haka, abubuwan da ake buƙata don tsarin tuƙi suna da yawa.
1.1 Motoci don motocin lantarki yakamata su kasance da halaye na babban ƙarfin nan take, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi, ƙimar juzu'i na 3 zuwa 4), kyakkyawan aikin haɓakawa da tsawon sabis.
1.2 Motoci don motocin lantarki yakamata su sami ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin saurin gudu, gami da yanki mai jujjuyawa akai-akai da yankin wutar lantarki akai-akai.A cikin yanki mai jujjuyawa akai-akai, ana buƙatar babban juzu'i lokacin da ke gudana a cikin ƙananan gudu don saduwa da buƙatun farawa da hawa;a cikin wutar lantarki akai-akai, ana buƙatar babban gudun lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙananan karfin don biyan buƙatun tuki mai sauri a kan tituna.bukata
1.3 Motar lantarki don motocin lantarki ya kamata su iya gane birki mai sabuntawa lokacin da abin hawa ya rage, dawo da mayar da makamashi zuwa baturi, ta yadda motar lantarki ta sami mafi kyawun amfani da makamashi, wanda ba za a iya samu a cikin injin konewa na ciki ba. .
1.4 Motar lantarki don motocin lantarki yakamata su sami babban inganci a cikin duka kewayon aiki, don haɓaka kewayon tafiye-tafiye na caji ɗaya.
Bugu da ƙari, ana kuma buƙatar cewa motar lantarki don motocin lantarki yana da aminci mai kyau, zai iya aiki na dogon lokaci a cikin yanayi mai tsanani, yana da tsari mai sauƙi kuma ya dace da samar da taro, yana da ƙananan ƙararrawa yayin aiki, yana da sauƙin amfani. kuma kula, kuma yana da arha.
2 Nau'o'i da Hanyoyin Kula da Motocin Lantarki don Motocin Lantarki
2.1 DC
Motoci Babban fa'idodin motocin DC ɗin da aka goga sune sarrafawa mai sauƙi da fasaha balagagge.Yana da kyawawan halaye na sarrafawa waɗanda babu irinsu da injinan AC.A cikin motocin da aka ƙera da farko masu amfani da wutar lantarki, ana amfani da injina na DC, kuma ko a halin yanzu, wasu motocin da ake amfani da su na wutar lantarkin ana amfani da su.Duk da haka, saboda samuwar goge-goge da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, ba wai kawai yana iyakance ƙarin haɓaka ƙarfin juzu'i da saurin abin hawa ba, har ma yana buƙatar kulawa akai-akai tare da maye gurbin gogewa da na'urori masu aunawa idan yana aiki na dogon lokaci.Bugu da ƙari, tun lokacin da asarar ta kasance a kan rotor, yana da wuya a watsar da zafi, wanda ke iyakance ƙarin haɓakar haɓakar motsin motsi-zuwa-mass.Dangane da lahanin da ke sama na injinan DC, ba a amfani da injinan DC a cikin sabbin motocin lantarki da aka ƙera.
2.2 AC induction motsi mai hawa uku
2.2.1 Asali na aikin motsa jiki na AC mai hawa uku
Motocin shigar da AC mai hawa uku sune mafi yawan injinan amfani da su.Stator da rotor an lullube su da zanen karfe na silicon, kuma babu zoben zamewa, masu tafiya da sauran abubuwan da ke hulɗa da juna tsakanin stators.Tsarin sauƙi, aiki mai dogara kuma mai dorewa.Rufin wutar lantarki na injin shigar da AC yana da faɗi sosai, kuma saurin ya kai 12000 ~ 15000r/min.Ana iya amfani da sanyaya iska ko sanyaya ruwa, tare da babban matakin 'yanci.Yana da kyakkyawar daidaitawa ga muhalli kuma yana iya gane birki na sake farfadowa.Idan aka kwatanta da wannan wutar lantarki na DC guda ɗaya, ingancin ya fi girma, an rage girman da kusan rabi, farashin yana da arha, kuma kulawa ya dace.
2.2.2 Tsarin sarrafawa
na Motar shigar da AC Saboda AC ɗin shigarwa mai hawa uku ba zai iya amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye ta DC da baturi ke bayarwa ba, kuma injin shigar da AC na matakai uku yana da halayen fitarwa marasa kan layi.Don haka, a cikin motar lantarki ta amfani da injin shigar da motsi na AC mai hawa uku, ya zama dole a yi amfani da na'urar semiconductor na wutar lantarki a cikin inverter don canza halin yanzu zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu wanda za'a iya daidaita mita da girmansa don gane ikon AC. mota mai hawa uku.Akwai galibi hanyar sarrafa v/f da hanyar sarrafa mitar zamewa.
Yin amfani da hanyar sarrafa vector, ana sarrafa mitar canjin halin yanzu na motsin motsa jiki na AC uku-lokaci induction motor da kuma daidaitawar tashar shigarwar AC uku-uku induction motor ana sarrafa, magnetic flux da jujjuyawar filin maganadisu mai juyawa. na AC induction motor mai hawa uku ana sarrafa shi, kuma an sami nasarar canjin injin shigar da motsi na AC uku.Matsakaicin saurin gudu da fitarwa na iya saduwa da buƙatun halayen canjin kaya, kuma suna iya samun mafi girman inganci, ta yadda za a iya amfani da injin induction na AC guda uku a cikin motocin lantarki.
2.2.3 Nasara na
Motar shigar da kashi uku na AC Amfanin wutar lantarki na AC induction motor mai hawa uku yana da girma, kuma rotor yana da sauƙin zafi.Wajibi ne don tabbatar da sanyaya na AC uku-lokaci shigar da motor a lokacin high-gudun aiki, in ba haka ba mota za a lalace.Matsakaicin wutar lantarki na injin induction na AC mai hawa uku yana da ƙasa, ta yadda ƙarfin shigar da wutar lantarki ta mitar da na'urar jujjuya wutar lantarki shima ya yi ƙasa kaɗan, don haka ya zama dole a yi amfani da jujjuyawar mitar mai girma da na'urar jujjuya wutar lantarki.Kudin tsarin sarrafawa na injin shigar da wutar lantarki mai hawa uku na AC ya fi na AC ukun shigar da motar da kanta, wanda ke kara farashin abin hawa na lantarki.Bugu da kari, ka'idar saurin injin shigar AC mai hawa uku shima mara kyau.
2.3 Dindindin na Magnet brushless DC Motor
2.3.1 Asalin aiki na dindindin magnet brushless injin DC
Dindindin maganadisu brushless DC motor babban aiki ne.Babban fasalinsa shine yana da halayen waje na injin DC ba tare da tsarin tuntuɓar injin ɗin da ya ƙunshi goge ba.Bugu da ƙari, yana ɗaukar rotor magnet na dindindin, kuma babu hasara mai ban sha'awa: an shigar da iska mai zafi a kan stator na waje, wanda ke da sauƙin watsa zafi.Don haka, injin ɗin magnet ɗin da ba shi da buroshi na DC ba shi da tartsatsin motsi, babu tsangwama na rediyo, tsawon rayuwa da ingantaccen aiki., sauƙin kulawa.Bugu da kari, gudunsa baya iyakance ta hanyar motsi na inji, kuma idan aka yi amfani da igiyoyin iska ko na'urar dakatarwa na maganadisu, zai iya yin juyi har zuwa dubu dari a cikin minti daya.Idan aka kwatanta da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na DC na dindindin, yana da mafi girman ƙarfin kuzari da inganci mafi girma, kuma yana da kyakkyawan fata na aikace-aikace a cikin motocin lantarki.
2.3.2 The kula da tsarin na dindindin magnet brushless DC motor The
Motar DC ɗin da ba ta da buroshi na dindindin na ma'aunin maganadisu na yau da kullun shine tsarin sarrafa vector.Tunda maganadisu na dindindin na iya samar da filin maganadisu tsayayyen girman-girma kawai, tsarin injin injin DC maras buroshi na dindindin yana da mahimmanci.Ya dace don gudana a cikin madaidaicin yanki mai jujjuyawa, gabaɗaya ta amfani da kulawar hysteresis na yanzu ko nau'in martani na yanzu na hanyar SPWM don kammalawa.Domin ƙara faɗaɗa saurin, injin ɗin magnet ɗin da ba shi da buroshi na DC shima zai iya amfani da sarrafa raunin filin.Mahimman ikon sarrafa rauni na filin shine don ciyar da kusurwar lokaci na lokaci na yanzu don samar da yiwuwar lalatawar axis kai tsaye don raunana haɗin gwiwar juzu'i a cikin iskar stator.
2.3.3 Rashin wadatar
Dindindin Magnet Brushless DC Motar Motar Magnet ɗin Dindindin Magnet ɗin babur ɗin DC ɗin yana da tasiri kuma yana iyakance shi ta tsarin kayan abu na dindindin na maganadisu, wanda ke sa kewayon wutar lantarki na dindindin magnet ɗin babur DC ɗin ƙarami, kuma matsakaicin ƙarfin shine dubun kilowatts kawai.Lokacin da na'urar maganadisu ta dindindin ta kasance ƙarƙashin rawar jiki, babban zafin jiki da ɗaukar nauyi a halin yanzu, ƙarfin maganadisu na iya raguwa ko raguwa, wanda zai rage aikin injin maganadisu na dindindin, har ma yana lalata motar a lokuta masu tsanani.Yi nauyi baya faruwa.A cikin yanayin wutar lantarki akai-akai, injin ɗin Magnet ɗin da ba shi da buroshi na DC yana da rikitarwa don aiki kuma yana buƙatar tsarin sarrafawa mai rikitarwa, wanda ke sa tsarin tuƙi na injin ɗin magnet ɗin da ba shi da goshin DC mai tsada sosai.
2.4 Motar Rashin son Canjawa
2.4.1 Asalin Aiki na Motar Rashin Soyayya
Motar rashin so da aka canza sabon nau'in injin ne.Tsarin yana da siffofi masu yawa: tsarinsa yana da sauƙi fiye da kowane motar, kuma babu zoben zamewa, windings da magneto na dindindin akan rotor na motar, amma kawai akan stator.Akwai iska mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, ƙarshen jujjuyawar gajere ne, kuma babu tsalle-tsalle na tsaka-tsaki, wanda ke da sauƙin kulawa da gyarawa.Saboda haka, dogara yana da kyau, kuma gudun zai iya kaiwa 15000 r / min.Ingancin zai iya kaiwa 85% zuwa 93%, wanda ya fi na AC induction Motors.Rashin hasara shine yafi a cikin stator, kuma motar yana da sauƙi don kwantar da hankali;na'ura mai jujjuyawar maganadisu ce ta dindindin, wacce ke da kewayon ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin saurin sauri da sarrafawa mai sassauƙa, wanda ke da sauƙi don cimma buƙatu daban-daban na musamman na halayen saurin juzu'i, kuma yana kiyaye babban inganci a cikin kewayo mai faɗi.Ya fi dacewa da bukatun aikin wutar lantarki na motocin lantarki.
2.4.2 Canjawar tsarin kula da motoci
Motar da ba ta son canjawa tana da babban matakin halaye mara kyau, saboda haka, tsarin tafiyar sa ya fi rikitarwa.Tsarin sarrafa shi ya haɗa da mai sauya wuta.
a.Juyawar motsin motsin rashin so na mai sauya wuta, Komai halin yanzu na gaba ko na baya, ƙarfin juzu'i ya kasance baya canzawa, kuma lokacin yana canzawa.Kowane lokaci kawai yana buƙatar bututun sauya wutar lantarki tare da ƙarami mai ƙarfi, kuma madaurin wutar lantarki yana da ingantacciyar Sauƙi, babu madaidaiciya ta hanyar gazawa, ingantaccen aminci, mai sauƙin aiwatar da farawa mai laushi da aiki mai nisa huɗu na tsarin, da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na birki. .Farashin ya yi ƙasa da tsarin sarrafa inverter na AC induction motor matakai uku.
b.Mai sarrafawa
Mai sarrafawa ya ƙunshi microprocessors, da'irorin dabaru na dijital da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.Dangane da shigar da umarni ta direba, microprocessor yana yin nazari da aiwatar da matsayin rotor na motar da aka ba da baya ta wurin gano wuri da mai ganowa na yanzu a lokaci guda, kuma ya yanke shawara cikin sauri, kuma yana ba da jerin umarnin aiwatarwa zuwa sarrafa motar da ba ta so ta canza.Daidaita aikin motocin lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.Ayyukan mai sarrafawa da sassaucin daidaitawa sun dogara ne akan haɗin gwiwar aiki tsakanin software da hardware na microprocessor.
c.Mai gano matsayi
Motocin da ba a so su canza suna buƙatar masu gano matsayi masu mahimmanci don samar da tsarin sarrafawa tare da alamun canje-canje a matsayi, gudu da halin yanzu na rotor na motar, kuma suna buƙatar mafi girma na sauyawa don rage sautin motar da ba a so ba.
2.4.3 Nakasu na Motoci Masu Ƙaunar Canjawa
Tsarin sarrafawa na motar da ba a so ya canza yana da ɗan rikitarwa fiye da tsarin kulawa na sauran injin.Mai gano matsayi shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci na motar da ba a so ba, kuma aikinsa yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin sarrafawa na motar da ba a so ba.Tunda motar da ba ta so ta sauya tsari ne mai ban sha'awa sau biyu, babu makawa akwai jujjuyawar juzu'i, kuma hayaniya ita ce babban hasarar motar da ba ta so.Duk da haka, bincike a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya nuna cewa za a iya danne hayaniyar motar da ba ta so ba gaba ɗaya ta hanyar ɗaukar ƙira mai ma'ana, masana'anta da fasahar sarrafawa.
Bugu da kari, saboda yawan jujjuyawar karfin fitarwa na motar da ba ta so ta canza da kuma babban juzu'in na'urar wutar lantarki ta DC, ana buƙatar shigar da babban capacitor mai tacewa akan bas ɗin DC.Motoci sun karɓi injinan lantarki daban-daban a cikin lokutan tarihi daban-daban, suna amfani da injin DC tare da mafi kyawun sarrafawa da ƙarancin farashi.Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar mota, fasahar kera injina, fasahar lantarki da fasahar sarrafa atomatik, injin AC.Dindindin na Magnets ba tare da goga DC Motors da canza rashin son injuna suna nuna kyakkyawan aiki akan injinan DC, kuma waɗannan injinan suna maye gurbin injinan DC a hankali a cikin motocin lantarki.Tebu na 1 ya kwatanta ainihin aikin injinan lantarki daban-daban da ake amfani da su a cikin motocin lantarki na zamani.A halin yanzu, farashin canji na injina na yanzu, injinan maganadisu na dindindin, injunan ƙin yarda da na'urorin sarrafa su har yanzu yana da tsada.Bayan samar da yawan jama'a, farashin waɗannan injina da na'urorin sarrafa naúrar za su ragu da sauri, wanda zai dace da buƙatun fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi kuma ya rage farashin motocin lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 24-2022