A ranar Juma'a (Agusta 12), lokacin gida, Ofishin Masana'antu da Tsaro na Ma'aikatar Kasuwancin Amurka (BIS) ta bayyana a cikin Tarayyar Rajistar wata sabuwar doka ta ƙarshe ta wucin gadi kan takunkumin fitar da kayayyaki da ke hana fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare.zane na GAAFET (Full Gate Field Effect Transistor).) EDA/ECAD software da ake bukata don tsarin haɗin kai;ultra-fadi bandgap semiconductor kayan wakilta lu'u-lu'u da gallium oxide;fasahohi guda hudu kamar konewar riba mai matsa lamba (PGC) da ake amfani da su a injin injin turbin gas don aiwatar da sabbin hanyoyin sarrafa fitar da kayayyaki, ranar da za ta yi tasiri a yau (15 ga Agusta).
Daga cikin fasahohin guda hudu, EDA ita ce ta fi daukar ido, wanda kasuwa ke fassarawa a matsayin karin takunkumi ga masana'antar Chip da Amurka ta yi bayan dokar "Chip and Science Act", wanda kai tsaye ya shafi kamfanonin cikin gida da ke kera 3nm da kuma ci gaba. guntu kayayyakin.Koyaya, ƙirar 3-nanometer ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba a China a halin yanzu, kuma tasirinsa na ɗan gajeren lokaci yana da iyaka.
Baya ga tsarin 3nm, 800V mai saurin caji na iya shafar
EDA (Electronics Design Automation) ƙirar ƙirar lantarki ce ta atomatik, wanda ke da mahimmanci kuma muhimmin sashi na ƙirar guntu IC (haɗin kai).Nasa ne ga masana'antar masana'anta ta sama, wanda ke rufe duk matakai kamar haɗaɗɗen ƙirar kewaye, wayoyi, tabbatarwa da kwaikwaya.Ana kiran EDA "mahaifiyar kwakwalwan kwamfuta" a cikin masana'antar.
Rahoton bincike na kasa da kasa na Tianfeng ya yi nuni da cewa, idan aka kwatanta masana'antar guntu da gina gini, IC zane zane ne na zane, kuma manhajar EDA kayan aikin zane ce, amma manhajar EDA ta fi manhajar kera kayan gine-gine.
ECAD (Electronic Computer Aided Design Software) yana da fa'ida fiye da EDA, kuma haramcin yana nufin cewa an rufe dukkan software masu alaƙa.A cewar Ma'aikatar Kasuwancin Amurka, ECAD wani nau'in kayan aikin software ne da ake amfani da su don ƙira, tantancewa, haɓakawa da kuma tabbatar da aikin haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira ko bugu a allon da'ira.An yi amfani da shi don tsara hadaddun da'irori masu haɗaka a cikin aikace-aikace iri-iri a cikin soja, sararin samaniya, da masana'antar tsaro.
Fasahar transistor GAAFET wata fasaha ce ta ci gaba idan aka kwatanta da FinFET transistor (fin filin tasirin transistor), fasahar FinFET na iya kaiwa nanometer 3, yayin da GAAFET ke iya cimma nanometer 2.
Wannan shi ne karo na uku da Amurka ta kaddamar da sarrafa fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasar Sin a fannin EDA.Na farko ya sabawa ZTE a cikin 2018 kuma na biyu ya sabawa Huawei a cikin 2019.Baya ga na’urori masu amfani da lantarki irin su wayoyin hannu na Apple da kwamfutoci, chips ɗin da ke amfani da tsarin kere-kere mafi ci gaba a kasuwa, duk chips ne masu ƙarfin kwamfuta mai ƙarfi, kamar GPUs da ake amfani da su don bayanan ɗan adam, da chips ɗin uwar garken da ake amfani da su a cibiyoyin bayanai da na'urorin sarrafa girgije. .
Wasu masu zanen guntu sun ce tasirin wannan matakin na ɗan gajeren lokaci yana da iyaka, saboda ba a cika amfani da ƙirar 3 nanometer a China ba.Wasu kwakwalwan AI da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na GPU suna amfani da 7-nanometers, yayin da TVs, akwatunan saiti, da kwakwalwan kwamfuta-aji na motoci galibi 28 nm.nanometer ko 16 nanometer.Wasu masu lura da masana'antu na ganin cewa, kasar Amurka na son sanya yankin kasar Sin ba shi da kayan aikin kera manyan na'urori masu girman nanometer 3 da kasa, kuma zanen ya makale a kan nanometer 5, kuma masana'antar ta makale a kan nanometer 7.Sa'an nan, za a fadada nisa tsakanin Sin da Amurka a cikin manyan na'urori masu sauri, AI na wucin gadi, da dai sauransu.
A ra'ayin mutum guntu, ainihin dalilin da yasa Amurka ke danne EDA shine don sarrafa ƙarfin samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na cikin gida.
Baya ga software na EDA a wannan lokacin, kayan aikin semiconductor guda biyu kuma suna da hannu: gallium oxide (Ga2O3) da lu'u-lu'u, duka biyun kayan aikin bandgap ne mai fa'ida.Irin waɗannan kayan ana tsammanin za su yi aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu tsauri, kamar ƙarfin wuta ko mafi girman yanayin zafi.
Har yanzu waɗannan kayan suna ci gaba kuma ba a haɓaka masana'antu da yawa ba, kuma fasahar ta fi mayar da hankali a Japan da Amurka.Duk da haka, kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka yi da waɗannan kayan za su kasance mafi dacewa da yanayin masana'antu da yawa kamar sabon makamashi, grid makamashi ajiya, sadarwa, da dai sauransu, sabili da haka ya zama mai mahimmanci da mahimmanci.
Daukar sabbin motocin makamashi a matsayin misali, a halin yanzu, sabbin kamfanonin makamashi irin su Xiaopeng Motors, da BYD, da Li Auto, da BAIC Jihu sun riga sun tura fasahar caji mai karfin 800V, kuma za a samar da su da yawa a wannan shekara.Ana iya amfani da na'urorin wuta da aka yi da kayan gallium oxide a waɗannan fasahohin caji mai sauri.
EDA na cikin gida "nasara" damar
“Idan ka ƙirƙira samfurin guntu na 5 nanometer kuma ka yi amfani da babbar manhajar EDA a duniya, za a iya sarrafa kuɗin a kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 40, amma ba tare da tallafin software na EDA ba, kuɗin kera guntu mai nauyin nanometer 5 na iya yin yawa kamar haka. 7.7 dalar Amurka.Dalar Amurka tana kusa da tazarar kusan sau 200."Mutumin da ya dace da ke kula da CAD na cikin gida (ƙirar ƙirar kwamfuta) kamfanin software ya ƙididdige asusu.
A halin yanzu, ƙididdigar kasuwannin duniya na masana'antar EDA ya yi girma sosai.Giants uku na EDA Synopsys (Synopsys), Cadence (Kedence Electronics), da Mentor Graphics (Mentor International, wanda Siemens ya samu a Jamus a cikin 2016) sun mamaye fiye da 70% na kasuwar duniya.kasuwar kasuwa, kuma zai iya samar da cikakkun kayan aikin EDA, wanda ke rufe dukkanin tsari ko mafi yawan tsarin tsarin ƙirar da'ira da masana'antu.
Kamfanoni guda uku suna da halaye na kansu a cikin samfuran, kuma mayar da hankali da fa'idodin IP (kayan fasaha) sun bambanta sosai.Kayayyakinsu na da kaso 85% na kasuwa a China.Fasahar tsarin gine-ginen GAAFET mai tsawon nanometer 3 da Samsung ya fasa a watan Yuni na wannan shekarar an kammala shi tare da taimakon Synopsys da Cadence.
Kamfanoni na biyu suna wakiltar ANSYS, Silvaco, Aldec Inc, Huada Jiutian, da dai sauransu. Suna da dukkanin tsari a cikin takamaiman fannoni kuma sun fi ci gaba a fasaha a cikin gida.Kamfanoni a cikin echelon na uku sun hada da Altium, Injiniya Concept, Gabatarwar Lantarki, Guangliwei, Sierxin, DownStream Technologies, da dai sauransu Tsarin EDA ya dogara ne akan kayan aikin ma'ana, kuma akwai ƙarancin samfuran cikakken tsari a cikin takamaiman fannoni.
Yawancin kamfanonin ƙirar guntu na cikin gida har yanzu suna amfani da software na masana'antu EDA da aka shigo da su don ƙira kwakwalwan kwamfuta.A cikin 1993, Huada Jiutian ta fito da software na EDA na gida na farko - tsarin Panda ICCAD, wanda ya sami ci gaba a cikin EDA na cikin gida daga 0 zuwa 1.A shekarar 2020, a kasuwar EDA ta kasar Sin, ta fuskar yawan kudaden shiga, Huada Jiutian ta zo ta hudu.
A ranar 29 ga watan Yuli, Huada Jiutian a hukumance ta sauka a kasuwar ciniki ta ci gaba, tare da karuwar kashi 126% a ranar farko ta jerin sunayen, kuma darajar kasuwarta ta zarce yuan biliyan 40.Huada Jiutian ya bayyana a cikin abubuwan da ake sa ran cewa yawancin samfuran EDA na ƙirar dijital na iya tallafawa tsarin 5-nanometer;Gelun Electronics ya bayyana a cikin rahotonsa na shekara-shekara cewa wasu kayan aikin na iya tallafawa tsarin 7-nanometer, 5-nanometer, da 3-nanometer.
Kudaden da Huada Jiutian ta samu a shekarar 2021 ya kai yuan miliyan 580, kuma kudaden shiga na Gailun Electronics bai kai yuan miliyan 200 ba.Litattafan tarihi na duniya na daya na samun kudaden shiga kusan yuan biliyan 26, sannan ya samu sama da yuan biliyan 5.
Rahoton bincike na kasa da kasa na Tianfeng ya nunar da cewa ya zama dole.Akwai kusan sassa 40 a cikin sarkar kayan aikin EDA.Kattai uku sun sami nasarar ɗaukar nauyin sarkar masana'antu gaba ɗaya, yayin da shugabar gida Huada Jiutian a halin yanzu tana da ƙimar ɗaukar hoto kusan 40%.Wasu samfuran masana'antun EDA na cikin gida galibi kayan aikin nuni ne.
Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, akwai kimanin kamfanoni 100 na kayan aikin zane a kasar Sin.An raba EDA zuwa kayan aikin ƙirar guntu na analog da kayan aikin ƙirar guntu na dijital.Wasu kamfanoni na cikin gida sun warware gabaɗayan tsarin kera kwakwalwan analog.Kayan aikin ƙira don kwakwalwan kwamfuta na dijital sun fi wahala.Kimanin "kayan aikin maki" 120 sun shiga cikin tsarin ƙira, kuma ana gudanar da bincike da haɓaka akan kowane kayan aiki.
Akwai ra'ayin cewa, don kariyar da Amurka ke da shi, hanyar da za a iya inganta matakin software na EDA na cikin gida shine a hanzarta inganta matakan EDA na cikin gida, kuma kamfanonin cikin gida ya kamata su hada kai, har ma Huawei HiSilicon da jami'o'in cikin gida su shiga. wajen kulla kawance don bunkasa hadin gwiwa.Tare da karuwar buƙatun kwakwalwan cikin gida, EDA na cikin gida ba ta da dama a cikin kasuwar mai siye.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-15-2022